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Annex C

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Training Curriculum for the Implementation of the Nairobi Declaration in the Great Lakes Region and Horn of Africa Senior Management and Practitioners

Purpose

To equip Senior Management and Practitioners in the Great Lakes Region and Horn of Africa with the necessary skills to implement the Nairobi Declaration, The Protocol for the Prevention, Control and Reduction of Small Arms and Light Weapons in the Great Lakes Region and Horn of Africa, and other relevant regional and International instruments as part of a multidisciplinary team.

Objectives
On completion of the training modules the learner must have a:
  • Thorough understanding of the comprehensive nature of the problem and the international and regional solutions proposed.
  • Thorough understanding of all existing applicable arms initiatives and protocols dealing with Small Arms and Light Weapons.
  • Thorough understanding of the nature, composition, commonalities and differences of existing regional cooperation structures including their mandates and their resources.
  • Thorough understanding of arms management issues in their prevention, control and reduction aspects.
  • Working knowledge of the National Plan of Action, its requirements and implications.
  • Thorough understanding of the planning and conduct of Joint Operations and Cross Border Operations.
  • understanding of civil society’s role and responsibilities in order to utilise the expertise, solicit support, get information and facilitate their participation in joint operations.
Training Modules

Module 1: Nature of the problem and international and regional solutions proposed


Module objective:
On completion of this module the learner must have a thorough understanding of:
  • The background to, and nature of, the Small Arms problem internationally and specifically on the African continent and the Great Lakes Region and Horn of Africa.
  • Manifestation, impact and effects of the Small Arms problem on the African Continent at present.
  • Development of the international and regional strategy to deal with the problem.
  • Background and history of the development of the Nairobi Declaration, Bamako Declaration, United Nations Programme of Action, United Nations Protocol and the Protocol for the Prevention, Control and Reduction of Small Arms and Light Weapons in the Great Lakes Region and Horn of Africa.
Table of contents:

Chapter 1: Background and nature of the problem on the international level.
Chapter 2: Background and nature of the problem on the African continent and in the
Great Lakes Region and Horn of Africa.
Chapter 3: The manifestation, impact and effects of the problem on the African
continent and in the Great Lakes Region and Horn of Africa.
Chapter 4: The development of the international and regional strategy to deal with the
problem.
Chapter 5: Development of sub-regional and regional solutions: Nairobi Declaration,
SADC Declaration, ECOWAS moratorium and Bamako Declaration,
Protocols for SADC and the Great Lakes Region and Horn of Africa.
Chapter 6: Development of international solutions: UN Programme of Action, UN
Protocol, OSCE document on Small Arms and Light Weapons,
Organisation of American States Declaration and the Andean Pact
Declaration.


Recommendations:

The Training Task Force recommends that:
  • Chapter 1 includes a synopsis of the conflict history of the region explaining the International, Regional and intra state conflict from a historic perspective to include the dynamics in the region that led to the proliferation of SALW.
  • That the current situation be described in terms of the demand and supply factors prevalent in the region such as:
    • Stockpile management
    • Re-circulation of seized and captured stock.
    • Partial disarmament
    • Trafficking (International and Regional)
    • Corruption
    • Lack of Standing Operating Procedures and practice
    • Local Manufacturing Industries.
  • That the current impact be described in terms of statistical data from member states including national crime statistics and impact assessments.
  • That topical issues such as trafficking, instability, current conflicts (Intra and inter state), stock rustling and resource conflicts be dealt with in detail.
  • That a training module for the Ratification Procedure of Protocols be included into the Training Material.
Module 2: Applicable international, regional and sub-regional protocols, action programmes and agreements

Module objective:
On completion of this Module the learner must have a thorough understanding of the structure, requirements and implications of:
  • United Nations Programme of Action.
  • United Nations Protocol.
  • Bamako Declaration.
  • Nairobi Declaration and its ensuing documents.
  • Protocol for the Prevention, Control and Reduction of Small Arms and Light Weapons in the Great Lakes Region and Horn of Africa.
Chapter 1: Background and nature of the problem on the international level.
Chapter 2: United Nations Protocol.
Chapter 3: Bamako Declaration.
Chapter 4: Nairobi Declaration.
Chapter 5: Protocol for the Prevention, Control and Reduction of Small Arms and Light Weapons in the Great Lakes Region and Horn of Africa.


This module was expanded to determine the level of detail required (see Annex A). Recommendations: The following additions to the curriculum were recommended by the Members of the Training Task Force:
  • Inclusion of the SADC Declaration.
  • Inclusion of the SADC Protocol.
That the expanded module be adopted for the development of the training module (see Annex A).
The Module on the Nairobi Declaration is in process and will follow the same pattern as Annex A.

Module 3: Regional and sub-regional cooperation mechanisms

Module objective:
On completion of this module the learner must have a working knowledge of the nature, composition, roles and responsibilities of existing regional and sub-regional cooperation structures including their mandates and their resources.

Table of contents:

    Chapter 1: Role, functions and responsibilities of the various regional and subregional cooperation mechanisms as embodied in:
    • The United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All its Aspects.
    • The Protocol Against the Illicit Manufacture of and Trafficking in Firearms, Their Parts and Components, and Ammunition.
    • The Inter-American Convention against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms, Ammunition, Explosives and Other Related Materials.
    • OSCE Document on Small Arms.
    • The EU Code of Conduct on Arms Exports.
    • The EU Joint Action on Small Arms.
    • The Bamako declaration on the African Common Position on the Illicit Proliferation, Circulation and Trafficking of Small Arms and Light Weapons.
    • The Nairobi Declaration on the Problem of the Proliferation of Illicit Small Arms and Light Weapons in the Great Lakes Region and Horn of Africa.
    • Protocol for the Prevention, Control and Reduction of Small Arms and Light Weapons in the Great Lakes Region and Horn of Africa.
    • The SADC Declaration.
    • The SADC Protocol on the Control of Firearms, Ammunition and other related Materials
    • The ECOWAS Moratorium on the Import, Export and Manufacture of Small Arms and Light Weapons in West Africa.

Chapter 2:
    Regional and sub-regional structures involved in small arms and related issues:
    • The African Union (AU) Peace and Security Council:
      • Mandate.
      • Organisation and structure.
      • Role, functions and responsibilities.
      • Resources.
      • Subordinate Structures.
      • Contact point on Small Arms and related issues.

    • The Nairobi Secretariat:
      • Mandate.
      • Organisation and structure.
      • Role, functions and responsibilities.
      • Resources.
      • Subordinate Structures.
      • Contact point on Small Arms and related issues.

    • The Interpol Sub-regional Bureaus:
      • Mandate.
      • Organisation and structure.
      • Role, functions and responsibilities.
      • Resources.
      • Subordinate Structures.
      • Contact point on Small Arms and related issues.

    • The East African Community Secretariat:
      • Mandate.
      • Organisation and structure.
      • Role, functions and responsibilities.
      • Resources.
      • Subordinate Structures.
      • Contact point on Small Arms and related issues.

    • The IGAD Secretariat:
      • Mandate.
      • Organisation and structure.
      • Role, functions and responsibilities.
      • Resources.
      • Subordinate Structures.
      • Contact point on Small Arms and related issues.

    • The SADC Secretariat:
      • Mandate.
      • Organisation and structure.
      • Role, functions and responsibilities.
      • Resources.
      • Subordinate Structures.
      • Contact point on Small Arms and related issues.

    • The ECOWAS Secretariat:
      • Mandate.
      • Organisation and structure.
      • Role, functions and responsibilities.
      • Resources.
      • Subordinate Structures.
      • Contact point on Small Arms and related issues.

    • EAPCCO:
      • Mandate.
      • Organisation and structure.
      • Role, functions and responsibilities.
      • Resources.
      • Subordinate Structures.
      • Contact point on Small Arms and related issues.

    • SARPCCO:
      • Mandate.
      • Organisation and structure.
      • Role, functions and responsibilities.
      • Resources.
      • Subordinate Structures.
      • Contact point on Small Arms and related issues.

    • The National Focal Point on Small Arms:
      • Mandate.
      • Organisation and structure.
      • Role, functions and responsibilities.
      • Resources.
      • Subordinate Structures.
      • Contact point on Small Arms and related issues.

Recommendations:
The Training Task Force recommended that this module be adopted as is for the development of the Training Material.

Module 4: Arms Management

Module objective:
On completion of this module the learner must have a thorough understanding of:
  • Basic Arms Management Concepts.
  • The Ownership of Action Model and its concepts of Control, Reduction and Prevention.
Table of contents:
    Chapter 1: Arms Management.
    • Demand Issues:
      • Peace support operations, disarmament, demobilisation and reintegration (DDR).
      • Weapons Collection and Destruction.
      • Regulating civilian ownership of SALW.
      • SALW and security sector reform.
      • The inability of the state to provide sufficient security to the population.
      • Stockpile management.

    • Supply and transfer issues:
      • Establishing a normative framework.
      • Establishing effective operative procedures.
      • Licensing controls and procedures.
      • End use certification and monitoring.
      • Marking and tracing.
      • Brokering and shipping agents.
      • Licensed production overseas.

    Chapter 2: Ownership of Action: A Working Model for Arms Management and Disarmament.
    • Basic Tenets.
    • Managing existing flows and stocks and associated problems.
    • Resolution of Small Arms proliferation.
    • Prevention of Future Flows.
    • Development of national and regional action plans based on the control, resolution and prevention dimensions.

Recommendations:
The Training Task Force Recommended that this module be adopted as is for the development of the Training Material.

Module 5: National Action Plan

Module objective:
On completion of this module the learner must have a thorough understanding of:
  • The objectives with the creation of a National Action Plan.
  • The process of creating a National Action Plan.
  • The elements of the National Action Plan.
  • Roles and responsibilities of the government in implementing the National Action Plan.
  • Roles and responsibilities of Civil Society in supporting the implementation of the National Action Plan.
  • National Coordinating mechanisms for implementation and their interface with Civil Society.
  • Civil society’s role and responsibilities in order to utilise the expertise, solicit support, get information and facilitate their participation in joint operations.
Table of contents:
    Chapter 1: The National Action Plan.
    • Guidelines for the creation of a National Action Plan from the international, regional and sub-regional initiatives to deal with the problem of Small Arms and Light Weapons.
    • Objectives of the National Action Plan.
    • Roles and responsibilities of Government.
    • Roles and responsibilities of Civil Society.

    Chapter 2: The Mapping Process.
    • Logic and Method of the Process.

    • Phases of the Mapping Process:
      • The Pre-Mapping Phase.
        • Objectives.
        • Activities.
        • Role and responsibility of Government.
        • Role and Responsibility of Civil Society.
      • The Information gathering phase.
        • Objectives.
        • Activities.
        • Role and responsibility of Government.
        • Role and Responsibility of Civil Society.
      • The Analysis Phase.
        • Objectives.
        • Activities.
        • Role and responsibility of Government.
        • Role and Responsibility of Civil Society.
      • The Planning Phase.
        • Objectives.
        • Activities.
        • Role and responsibility of Government.
        • Role and Responsibility of Civil Society.

    • The Implementation Phase.
      • Objectives.
      • Activities.
      • Role and responsibility of Government.
      • Role and Responsibility of Civil Society.

    • Monitoring and Verification.
      • Objectives.
      • Activities.
      • Role and responsibility of Government.
      • Role and Responsibility of Civil Society.
      • Responsibility of Civil Society.

    Chapter 3: National Implementation Structures:
    • The National Policy Making body.
      • Organisation and structure.
      • Roles and responsibilities.
      • Civil Society interface with the National Policy Making Body.

    • The National Focal Point.
      • Organisation and structure.
      • Roles and responsibilities.
      • National Focal Point members and their roles and responsibilities.
      • Civil Society interface with the National Focal Point.

    • The Provincial/Regional Task Forces.
      • Organisation and structure.
      • Roles and responsibilities.
      • Task Force members and their roles and responsibilities.
      • Civil Society interface with the Task force.

    • National NGO Network.
      • Organisation and structure.
      • Roles and responsibilities.
      • Coordinating members and their roles and responsibilities.
      • Governmental interface with the National NGO Network.

Recommendations:
The Training Task Force recommended that this module be adopted as is for the development of the Training Material.

Technical Modules

Module 6: Joint Operations and Cross Border Operations

Module objective:
To equip members of multidisciplinary law enforcement units, as prescribed in the Article 15 of the Protocol for the Prevention, Control and Reduction of Small Arms and Light Weapons in the Great Lakes Region and Horn of Africa, with the knowledge and skills to safely and successfully execute joint and cross-border firearm reduction operations.

Objectives:
  • To enable the learner to display an understanding of the concepts of joint operations and cross-border operations related to firearms reduction.
  • To implement effective methods and techniques in the safe and successful execution of these operations.
  • To ensure the combating and eradication of the illicit manufacturing of, excessive and destabilising accumulation of, trafficking in, possession and use of firearms and their related materials.
  • Combating the effects of the proliferation of firearms in the region.

Sub-Module 1: Planning and execution of cross border operations

Module objective:
On completion of this module the learner will be able to plan and implement strategies and tactics to safely and effectively execute firearm related, cross border operations.

Table of contents:
Chapter 1: Pre-planning phase.
Chapter 2: Operation preparation phase.
Chapter 3: Execution phase.
Chapter 4: Post-operation phase.

Recommendations:
Members remarked that this training module requires a Standing Operating Procedure for Joint Operations before it can be developed into a training package. They recommended that:
  • A Standing Operating Procedure for Joint Operations be developed as part of the SOP tasking.
  • The training curriculum and Training Manual be developed in accordance with the SOP and presented with the other modules.
Sub-Module 2: Introduction to the identification and safe handling of weapons and munitions

Module objective:
On completion of this module the learner will be able to correctly identify and understand the capability and condition of a variety of weapons and munitions and be able to apply methods and techniques concerning their safe handling.

Table of contents:
Chapter 1: Introduction.
Chapter 2: Small Arms Ammunition.
Chapter 3: Weapon theory.
Chapter 4: Military firearms.
Chapter 5: Evidence.

Recommendations:
The Training Task Force recommends that:
  • A detailed Field Guide for the Identification of Small Arms and Light Weapons and their ammunition be developed for the training of all officers of a multi disciplinary law enforcement operation.
  • The Field Guide should include photographic and other material to assist with the identification of Small Arms and Light Weapons and their ammunition during law enforcement operations.
Sub-Module 3: Firearm collection and destruction operations

Module objective:
On completion of this module the learner must be able to safely and effectively apply technical knowledge and techniques in order to successfully track down and destroy firearms recovered.

Table of contents:
Chapter 1: Introduction.
Chapter 2: Principles to be considered when deciding on destruction methods.
Chapter 3: Collection, recordkeeping and verification methods.
Chapter 4: Development of a Public Education Programme to support collection and destruction operations.
Chapter 5: Methods of destruction.
Chapter 6: Safety Measures and procedures during destruction operations.

Recommendation:
The Training Task Force recommends that:
  • The existing training manual on destruction be adopted as is and included in the training manuals for the implementation of the Nairobi Declaration.
  • Modules for the procedural aspects of collection and destruction operations such as recordkeeping and verification be included into the training manual.
  • A module on public education programmes to support the collection and destruction operations be included in the training manual.
Sub-Module 4: Introduction to the identification of explosives and accessories

Module objective:
The learner must be able to understand and differentiate between the basic types of explosives and blasting accessories and be able to apply methods and techniques concerning their safe handling. Table of contents:
Chapter 1: Definitions.
Chapter 2: Safety measures.
Chapter 3: Types of explosives.
Chapter 4: The effect of an explosion.
Chapter 5: Visual identification of relevant explosives.
Chapter 6: Blasting accessories.
Chapter 7: Fuses and other products.v Chapter 8: Different detonators and identification thereoff.
Chapter 9: Boosters.
Chapter 10: Search methods.
Chapter 11: Practical exercises and demonstration of demolition work done by means of explosives.

Recommendations:
The Training Task Force recommends that:
  • A detailed Field Guide for the Identification of Explosives and Accessories be developed for the training of all officers of a multi disciplinary law enforcement operation.
  • The Field Guide should include photographic and other material to assist with the identification of Explosives and Accessories during law enforcement operations.
Sub-Module 5: Introduction to air support operations (helicopters)

Module objective: On completion of the module the learner will be able to safely operate within a multidisciplinary force supported by helicopters.

Table of contents:
Chapter 1: Introduction.
Chapter 2: Helicopter safety.
Chapter 3: Handling of weapons prior to and during helicopter flight.
Chapter 4: Landing zone preparation.
Chapter 5: Marking of landing zone.
Chapter 6: Orientation.
Chapter 7: General safety procedures during the flight.
Chapter 8: Practical application of theory.
Chapter 9: Air traffic control procedures and requirements for air support operations across borders.

Recommendations:
The Training Task Force recommends that:
  • A detailed Field Guide for Helicopter Supported Operations be developed for the training of all officers of a multi disciplinary law enforcement operation.
  • The basic safety and user data for all police and military helicopters in use in the Great Lakes Region and Horn of Africa be included in the manual.
Sub-Module 6: Basic utilization of a Global Positioning System (GPS)

Module objective:
On completion of the module the learner will be able to do basic map reading and operate the GPS during the operation.

Table of contents:
Chapter 1: Introduction.
Chapter 2: Basic Map Reading.
Chapter 2: Unit Features.
Chapter 3: Calibration.
Chapter 4: Registering of Waypoints/Landmarks.
Chapter 5: Backtracking.
Chapter 6: Practical exercise.

Recommendations:
The Training Task Force recommends that:
  • A detailed Field Guide and course material for the use of the Magellan Color Tracker GPS (as in use in Tanzania shortly) be developed for the training of all officers of a multi disciplinary law enforcement operation.
  • Those other GPS models be included as they are acquired by the different Law Enforcement Agencies in the Region.
Sub-Module 7a: Detection Methods: Mine detectors

Module objective:
On completion of the module the learner will be able to operate the mine detector during the operation.

Table of contents:
Chapter 1: Introduction.
Chapter 2: Assembly and Setting Up.
Chapter 3: Accessories and Features.
Chapter 4: Search Techniques.
Chapter 5: Maintenance and Storage.
Chapter 6: Practical Application.

Recommendations:
The Training Task Force recommends that:
  • A sub-module (Sub-Module 7B) for the deployment of sniffer-dogs during Joint Operations be developed for inclusion in the Training Curricula.
  • The operator’s procedure for the most common detectors in use in the Great Lakes Region and Horn of Africa be included in the Training Manual.
Sub-Module 8: Introduction to the approach and lifting of arms caches

Module objective:
On completion of the module the learner will be able to safely approach a firearms cache during a operation and be conversant with the procedure followed during such an operation.

Table of content:
Chapter 1: Introduction.
Chapter 2: Safety procedures during lifting of an arms cache.
Chapter 3: Safety and transport of weaponry and munitions.
Chapter 4: Record keeping of weaponry and munitions.
Chapter 5: Practical application of GPS.
Chapter 6: Practical application of mine detector.
Chapter 7: Marking of, and physical approach to, arms cache.

Recommendations:
The Training Task Force recommends that the current module be developed into a training manual for use during cross border and joint operations.

Sub-Module 9: Basic handling of informants and information management

Module objective:
On completion of the module the learner will be able to handle informers effectively.

Table of contents:
Chapter 1: Introduction.
Chapter 2: Recruitment.
Chapter 3: Expectations.
Chapter 4: Motivation of the informer.
Chapter 5: Personal meetings.
Chapter 6: Relationship between informer and handler.

Recommendations:
Members remarked that this training module requires a Standing Operating Procedure on Basic Handling of Informants and Information before it can be developed into a training package. They recommended that:
  • A Standing Operating Procedure for Basic Handling of Informants and Information be developed as part of the SOP tasking.
  • The training curriculum and Training Manual be developed in accordance with the SOP and presented with the other modules.
Sub-Module 10: Legislation and general duties

Module objective:
After completion of the module the learner will have the necessary knowledge to function with the law enforcement agencies of neighbouring countries.

Table of contents:
Chapter 1: Introduction.
Chapter 2: Basic legislation on firearms, ammunition and explosives.
Chapter 3: Basic knowledge of the following specific legislation:
    Extradition.
    Mutual assistance in criminal matters.
    Hot pursuit.
    Terrorism Act.
    Corruption Act.
    Proceeds of crime.
    Penal Code.
    Evidence Act.
    Criminal Procedure Code.
Chapter 4: Basic duties and responsibilities of:
    Police Officers.
    Customs Officials.
    Immigration Officials.
    Judiciary.

Recommendations:
Members remarked that this training module requires a Standing Operating Procedure on Legislation and General Duties, as well as the approval of the Draft Protocol before it can be developed into a training package. They recommended that:
  • A Standing Operating Procedure for General Duties be developed as part of the SOP tasking.
  • The training curriculum and Training Manual be developed in accordance with the SOP and presented with the other modules.



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